More than three decades ago economists famously concluded that tax compliance is rather irrational behavior. Literature, across a wide range of disciplines, has since been overflowing with analysis as to why we see so much tax compliance in the modern world. The academic literature is concerned with why people pay so much tax or why so many people pay taxes, therefore policy-makers can gain an understanding of the underlying mechanisms, which thus allows them to design appropriate policy actions to boost revenue efforts.

Mountains cover 54% of Georgia’s territory. People living in those areas represent the most vulnerable group of Georgian society. Land erosion and climate change are prevalent in the mountains; unsustainable use of natural resources (forests in particular) and limited access to infrastructure pose significant risks to the lives of people there.

In October 2019, Georgian power plants generated 800 mln. kWh of electricity. This represents a 2% increase in total generation, compared to the previous year (in October 2018, the total generation was 783 mln. kWh). The increase in generation on a yearly basis comes from the increase of 8% in thermal and 0.4% in hydropower generation, more than offsetting the decrease in wind power generation (-19%).

According to the preliminary statistics released by GeoStat, Georgia’s real GDP growth constituted 5.7% year over year (y/y) in Q3 2019. As a result, estimated real GDP growth for the first nine months of 2019 amounted to 5.0%, which is above the National Bank of Georgia’s (NBG) growth forecast for 2019 (the forecast remained unchanged at 4.5%). Meanwhile, based on September’s data, ISET-PI expects annual growth in 2019 to be 4.9%.

ISET students visiting Stockholm have returned to Georgia after spending a week in Sweden as guests of the Stockholm School of Economics. While the students attended several lectures at a number of different universities, their time was not limited to studying alongside their Swedish counterparts: instead of a solely academic trip, the students were also taken to visit the Swedish Central Bank and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, which allowed them to compare the inner workings of one of Europe’s leading economies with their own country.